Any number of snapshots can be created, allowing you to travel back and forward in virtual machine time. You can delete snapshots while a VM is running to reclaim disk space. Infrastructure consolidation. Virtualization can significantly reduce hardware and electricity costs. Most of the time, computers today only use a fraction of their potential power and run with low average system loads.
A lot of hardware resources as well as electricity is thereby wasted. So, instead of running many such physical computers that are only partially used, one can pack many virtual machines onto a few powerful hosts and balance the loads between them. When dealing with virtualization, and also for understanding the following chapters of this documentation, it helps to acquaint oneself with a bit of crucial terminology, especially the following terms:. Host operating system host OS.
See Section 1. There may be platform-specific differences which we will point out where appropriate. Guest operating system guest OS. This is the OS that is running inside the virtual machine. But to achieve near-native performance of the guest code on your machine, we had to go through a lot of optimizations that are specific to certain OSes.
So while your favorite OS may run as a guest, we officially support and optimize for a select few, which include the most common OSes. See Section 3. Virtual machine VM. In other words, you run your guest OS in a VM. Normally, a VM is shown as a window on your computer's desktop. Depending on which of the various frontends of Oracle VM VirtualBox you use, the VM might be shown in full screen mode or remotely on another computer. Some parameters describe hardware settings, such as the amount of memory and number of CPUs assigned.
Other parameters describe the state information, such as whether the VM is running or saved. See Chapter 8, VBoxManage. Guest Additions. This refers to special software packages which are shipped with Oracle VM VirtualBox but designed to be installed inside a VM to improve performance of the guest OS and to add extra features. See Chapter 4, Guest Additions. Oracle VM VirtualBox runs on a large number of bit host operating systems.
Oracle VM VirtualBox is a so-called hosted hypervisor, sometimes referred to as a type 2 hypervisor. Whereas a bare-metal or type 1 hypervisor would run directly on the hardware, Oracle VM VirtualBox requires an existing OS to be installed. It can thus run alongside existing applications on that host.
To a very large degree, Oracle VM VirtualBox is functionally identical on all of the host platforms, and the same file and image formats are used.
This enables you to run virtual machines created on one host on another host with a different host OS. For example, you can create a virtual machine on Windows and then run it under Linux. In addition, virtual machines can easily be imported and exported using the Open Virtualization Format OVF , an industry standard created for this purpose. You can even import OVFs that were created with a different virtualization software.
For users of Oracle Cloud Infrastructure the functionality extends to exporting and importing virtual machines to and from the cloud. This simplifies development of applications and deployment to the production environment. Guest Additions: shared folders, seamless windows, 3D virtualization. The Oracle VM VirtualBox Guest Additions are software packages which can be installed inside of supported guest systems to improve their performance and to provide additional integration and communication with the host system.
After installing the Guest Additions, a virtual machine will support automatic adjustment of video resolutions, seamless windows, accelerated 3D graphics and more. In particular, Guest Additions provide for shared folders , which let you access files on the host system from within a guest machine.
See Section 4. Great hardware support. Guest multiprocessing SMP. USB device support. Oracle VM VirtualBox implements a virtual USB controller and enables you to connect arbitrary USB devices to your virtual machines without having to install device-specific drivers on the host. USB support is not limited to certain device categories. Hardware compatibility. Oracle VM VirtualBox virtualizes a vast array of virtual devices, among them many devices that are typically provided by other virtualization platforms.
This enables easy cloning of disk images from real machines and importing of third-party virtual machines into Oracle VM VirtualBox. Full ACPI support. This enables easy cloning of disk images from real machines or third-party virtual machines into Oracle VM VirtualBox.
For mobile systems running on battery, the guest can thus enable energy saving and notify the user of the remaining power, for example in full screen modes. Multiscreen resolutions. Oracle VM VirtualBox virtual machines support screen resolutions many times that of a physical screen, allowing them to be spread over a large number of screens attached to the host system. Built-in iSCSI support. This unique feature enables you to connect a virtual machine directly to an iSCSI storage server without going through the host system.
The VM accesses the iSCSI target directly without the extra overhead that is required for virtualizing hard disks in container files. See Section 5. PXE Network boot. Multigeneration branched snapshots. Oracle VM VirtualBox can save arbitrary snapshots of the state of the virtual machine.
You can go back in time and revert the virtual machine to any such snapshot and start an alternative VM configuration from there, effectively creating a whole snapshot tree.
You can create and delete snapshots while the virtual machine is running. VM groups. Oracle VM VirtualBox provides a groups feature that enables the user to organize and control virtual machines collectively, as well as individually. In addition to basic groups, it is also possible for any VM to be in more than one group, and for groups to be nested in a hierarchy. This means you can have groups of groups.
Clean architecture and unprecedented modularity. Oracle VM VirtualBox has an extremely modular design with well-defined internal programming interfaces and a clean separation of client and server code. This makes it easy to control it from several interfaces at once. For example, you can start a VM simply by clicking on a button in the Oracle VM VirtualBox graphical user interface and then control that machine from the command line, or even remotely. Due to its modular architecture, Oracle VM VirtualBox can also expose its full functionality and configurability through a comprehensive software development kit SDK , which enables integration of Oracle VM VirtualBox with other software systems.
Remote machine display. Instead, the VRDE is plugged directly into the virtualization layer. As a result, it works with guest OSes other than Windows, even in text mode, and does not require application support in the virtual machine either. Extensible RDP authentication. In addition, it includes an easy-to-use SDK which enables you to create arbitrary interfaces for other methods of authentication. See Section 7. Intel hardware is required.
See also Chapter 14, Known Limitations. Linux hosts bit. Includes the following:. See Section 2. However, the formally tested and supported Linux distributions are those for which we offer a dedicated package. Oracle Solaris hosts bit only. The following versions are supported with the restrictions listed in Chapter 14, Known Limitations :.
Note that any feature which is marked as experimental is not supported. Feedback and suggestions about such features are welcome. If you have installed software before, installation should be straightforward.
On each host platform, Oracle VM VirtualBox uses the installation method that is most common and easy to use. If you run into trouble or have special requirements, see Chapter 2, Installation Details for details about the various installation methods. Base package. Extension packs. Additional extension packs can be downloaded which extend the functionality of the Oracle VM VirtualBox base package. The extension pack provides the following added functionality:.
The virtual USB 2. The virtual USB 3. Host webcam passthrough. See Section 9. Disk image encryption with AES algorithm. Cloud integration features. Oracle VM VirtualBox extension packages have a. To install an extension, simply double-click on the package file and a Network Operations Manager window is shown to guide you through the required steps.
To view the extension packs that are currently installed, start the VirtualBox Manager, as shown in Section 1. From the File menu, select Preferences. In the window that displays, go to the Extensions category. This shows you the extensions which are currently installed, and enables you to remove a package or add a new package. Alternatively, you can use the VBoxManage command line. See Section 8. On a Windows host, in the Programs menu, click on the item in the VirtualBox group.
On some Windows platforms, you can also enter VirtualBox in the search box of the Start menu. You may want to drag this item onto your Dock. Alternatively, you can enter VirtualBox in a terminal window.
This window is called the VirtualBox Manager. The left pane will later list all your virtual machines. Since you have not yet created any virtual machines, this list is empty. The Tools button provides access to user tools, such as the Virtual Media Manager. The pane on the right displays the properties of the currently selected virtual machine.
Since you do not have any machines yet, the pane displays a welcome message. Click New in the VirtualBox Manager window.
A wizard is shown, to guide you through setting up a new virtual machine VM. On the following pages, the wizard will ask you for the bare minimum of information that is needed to create a VM, in particular:.
For example, Windows 10 with Visio. The Machine Folder is the location where VMs are stored on your computer. The default folder location is shown. The supported OSes are grouped. If you want to install something very unusual that is not listed, select Other. This is particularly important for bit guests.
It is therefore recommended to always set it to the correct value. The amount of memory given here will be taken away from your host machine and presented to the guest OS, which will report this size as the virtual computer's installed RAM. Choose this setting carefully. The memory you give to the VM will not be available to your host OS while the VM is running, so do not specify more than you can spare.
If you run two VMs at the same time, even more memory will be allocated for the second VM, which may not even be able to start if that memory is not available. On the other hand, you should specify as much as your guest OS and your applications will require to run properly.
A guest OS may require at least 1 or 2 GB of memory to install and boot up. For best performance, more memory than that may be required. If insufficient RAM remains, the system might excessively swap memory to the hard disk, which effectively brings the host system to a standstill. As with the other settings, you can change this setting later, after you have created the VM.
There are many and potentially complicated ways in which Oracle VM VirtualBox can provide hard disk space to a VM, see Chapter 5, Virtual Storage , but the most common way is to use a large image file on your physical hard disk, whose contents Oracle VM VirtualBox presents to your VM as if it were a complete hard disk.
This file then represents an entire hard disk, so you can even copy it to another host and use it with another Oracle VM VirtualBox installation. To create a new, empty virtual hard disk, click the Create button. You can pick an existing disk image file. The drop-down list presented in the window lists all disk images which are currently remembered by Oracle VM VirtualBox. These disk images are currently attached to a virtual machine, or have been attached to a virtual machine.
Alternatively, click on the small folder icon next to the drop-down list. In the displayed file dialog, you can click Add to select any disk image file on your host disk.
Click the Create button. This wizard helps you to create a new disk image file in the new virtual machine's folder. A dynamically allocated file only grows in size when the guest actually stores data on its virtual hard disk.
Therefore, this file is small initially. As the drive is filled with data, the file grows to the specified size. A fixed-size file immediately occupies the file specified, even if only a fraction of that virtual hard disk space is actually in use. While occupying much more space, a fixed-size file incurs less overhead and is therefore slightly faster than a dynamically allocated file.
For details about the differences, see Section 5. But the image file must be large enough to hold the contents of the guest OS and the applications you want to install. For a Windows or Linux guest, you will probably need several gigabytes for any serious use.
The limit of the image file size can be changed later, see Section 8. After having selected or created your image file, click Next to go to the next page. Click Create , to create your new virtual machine. The virtual machine is displayed in the list on the left side of the VirtualBox Manager window, with the name that you entered initially. After becoming familiar with the use of wizards, consider using the Expert Mode available in some wizards. Where available, this is selectable using a button, and speeds up the process of using wizards.
Go to the VirtualBox VMs folder in your system user's home directory. Find the subdirectory of the machine you want to start and double-click on the machine settings file. This file has a. Starting a virtual machine displays a new window, and the virtual machine which you selected will boot up.
Everything which would normally be seen on the virtual system's monitor is shown in the window. See the screenshot image in Chapter 1, First Steps. In general, you can use the virtual machine as you would use a real computer. There are couple of points worth mentioning however. This wizard helps you to select an installation medium. Since the VM is created empty, it would otherwise behave just like a real computer with no OS installed.
It will do nothing and display an error message that no bootable OS was found. In the wizard's drop-down list of installation media, select Host Drive with the correct drive letter.
In the case of a Linux host, choose a device file. This will allow your VM to access the media in your host drive, and you can proceed to install from there. If you have downloaded installation media from the Internet in the form of an ISO image file such as with a Linux distribution, you would normally burn this file to an empty CD or DVD and proceed as described above.
In this case, the wizard's drop-down list contains a list of installation media that were previously used with Oracle VM VirtualBox. If your medium is not in the list, especially if you are using Oracle VM VirtualBox for the first time, click the small folder icon next to the drop-down list to display a standard file dialog. Here you can pick an image file on your host disks. After completing the choices in the wizard, you will be able to install your OS. If you are running a modern guest OS that can handle such devices, mouse support may work out of the box without the mouse being captured as described below.
But unless you are running the VM in full screen mode, your VM needs to share keyboard and mouse with other applications and possibly other VMs on your host. After installing a guest OS and before you install the Guest Additions, described later, either your VM or the rest of your computer can "own" the keyboard and the mouse. Both cannot own the keyboard and mouse at the same time. You will see a second mouse pointer which is always confined to the limits of the VM window. You activate the VM by clicking inside it.
By default, this is the right Ctrl key on your keyboard. On a Mac host, the default Host key is the left Command key. The current setting for the Host key is always displayed at the bottom right of your VM window.
Your keyboard is owned by the VM if the VM window on your host desktop has the keyboard focus. If you have many windows open in your guest OS, the window that has the focus in your VM is used. This means that if you want to enter text within your VM, click on the title bar of your VM window first.
To release keyboard ownership, press the Host key. As explained above, this is typically the right Ctrl key. For technical reasons it may not be possible for the VM to get all keyboard input even when it does own the keyboard. Your mouse is owned by the VM only after you have clicked in the VM window. The host mouse pointer will disappear, and your mouse will drive the guest's pointer instead of your normal mouse pointer. Note that mouse ownership is independent of that of the keyboard.
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The Extensions option applies to the entire system. Enables the user to specify the Host key. The Host key is also used to trigger certain VM actions, see Section 1. Enables the user to specify various settings for Automatic Updates. Enables the user to specify the GUI language. Enables the user to specify the screen resolution, and its width and height. A default scale factor can be specified for all guest screens.
Enables the user to configure the details of NAT networks. See Section 6. Enables the user to list and manage the installed extension packages. As briefly mentioned in Section 1. For example, you can start a virtual machine with the VirtualBox Manager window and then stop it from the command line.
This is the VirtualBox Manager, a graphical user interface that uses the Qt toolkit. This interface is described throughout this manual. While this is the simplest and easiest front-end to use, some of the more advanced Oracle VM VirtualBox features are not included. As opposed to the other graphical interfaces, the headless front-end requires no graphics support.
This is useful, for example, if you want to host your virtual machines on a headless Linux server that has no X Window system installed. If the above front-ends still do not satisfy your particular needs, it is possible to create yet another front-end to the complex virtualization engine that is the core of Oracle VM VirtualBox, as the Oracle VM VirtualBox core neatly exposes all of its features in a clean API. Oracle VM VirtualBox provides a soft keyboard that enables you to input keyboard characters on the guest.
A soft keyboard is an on-screen keyboard that can be used as an alternative to a physical keyboard. For best results, ensure that the keyboard layout configured on the guest OS matches the keyboard layout used by the soft keyboard.
Oracle VM VirtualBox does not do this automatically. When the physical keyboard on the host is not the same as the keyboard layout configured on the guest. For example, if the guest is configured to use an international keyboard, but the host keyboard is US English. To send special key combinations to the guest. Note that some common key combinations are also available in the Input , Keyboard menu of the guest VM window.
When using nested virtualization, the soft keyboard provides a method of sending key presses to a guest. By default, the soft keyboard includes some common international keyboard layouts. You can copy and modify these to meet your own requirements.
The name of the current keyboard layout is displayed in the task bar of the soft keyboard window. This is the previous keyboard layout that was used. Click the Layout List icon in the task bar of the soft keyboard window. The Layout List window is displayed. Select the required keyboard layout from the entries in the Layout List window.
The keyboard display graphic is updated to show the available input keys. Modifier keys such as Shift, Ctrl, and Alt are available on the soft keyboard. Click once to select the modifier key, click twice to lock the modifier key. The Reset the Keyboard and Release All Keys icon can be used to release all pressed modifier keys, both on the host and the guest. To change the look of the soft keyboard, click the Settings icon in the task bar. You can change colors used in the keyboard graphic, and can hide or show sections of the keyboard, such as the NumPad or multimedia keys.
You can use one of the supplied default keyboard layouts as the starting point to create a custom keyboard layout. To permananently save a custom keyboard layout, you must save it to file.
Otherwise, any changes you make are discarded when you close down the Soft Keyboard window. Custom keyboard layouts that you save are stored as an XML file on the host, in the keyboardLayouts folder in the global configuration data directory. Highlight the required layout and click the Copy the Selected Layout icon. A new layout entry with a name suffix of -Copy is created. Edit keys in the new layout. Click on the key that you want to edit and enter new key captions in the Captions fields.
Optional Save the layout to file. This means that your custom keyboard layout will be available for future use. Any custom layouts that you create can later be removed from the Layout List, by highlighting and clicking the Delete the Selected Layout icon. Chapter 1. First Steps.
Table of Contents 1. Why is Virtualization Useful? Some Terminology 1. Features Overview 1. Supported Host Operating Systems 1. Host CPU Requirements 1.
Creating Your First Virtual Machine 1. Running Your Virtual Machine 1. Capturing and Releasing Keyboard and Mouse 1. Typing Special Characters 1. Changing Removable Media 1. Resizing the Machine's Window 1. Saving the State of the Machine 1. Using VM Groups 1. Snapshots 1. Taking, Restoring, and Deleting Snapshots 1.
Snapshot Contents 1. Virtual Machine Configuration 1. Removing and Moving Virtual Machines 1. Cloning Virtual Machines 1. Importing and Exporting Virtual Machines 1. About the OVF Format 1. Integrating with Oracle Cloud Infrastructure 1. Preparing for Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Integration 1. Creating a Cloud Profile 1. Using the Cloud Profile Manager 1. Exporting an Appliance to Oracle Cloud Infrastructure 1. Importing an Instance from Oracle Cloud Infrastructure 1.
Global Settings 1. Alternative Front-Ends 1. Soft Keyboard 1. Using the Soft Keyboard 1. Creating a Custom Keyboard Layout. Some Terminology. Features Overview.
Supported Host Operating Systems. Windows hosts bit : Windows 8. Ubuntu Oracle Solaris Host CPU Requirements. The extension pack provides the following added functionality: The virtual USB 2. Creating Your First Virtual Machine.
Caution Choose this setting carefully. Note After becoming familiar with the use of wizards, consider using the Expert Mode available in some wizards. Running Your Virtual Machine. Capturing and Releasing Keyboard and Mouse. To release ownership of your mouse by the VM, press the Host key. Typing Special Characters.
If, instead, you want to send these key combinations to the guest OS in the virtual machine, you will need to use one of the following methods: Use the items in the Input , Keyboard menu of the virtual machine window. Changing Removable Media. Resizing the Machine's Window. Saving the State of the Machine. Closing Down a Virtual Machine. Warning This is equivalent to pulling the power plug on a real computer without shutting it down properly.
Using VM Groups. Groups of Virtual Machines. Create a group using the VirtualBox Manager. Create a group and assign a VM. For example: VBoxManage modifyvm "vm01" --groups "" This command detaches all groups from the VM "vm01" and deletes the empty group. Taking, Restoring, and Deleting Snapshots. Do one of the following: Click the Take icon. Snapshots List For a Virtual Machine. Note Restoring a snapshot will affect the virtual hard drives that are connected to your VM, as the entire state of the virtual hard drive will be reverted as well.
Note Whereas taking and restoring snapshots are fairly quick operations, deleting a snapshot can take a considerable amount of time since large amounts of data may need to be copied between several disk image files.
Snapshot Contents. Virtual Machine Configuration. Removing and Moving Virtual Machines. The file dialog prompts you to specify a new location for the VM. Cloning Virtual Machines.
The Clone Virtual Machine Wizard. Importing and Exporting Virtual Machines. About the OVF Format. Note OVF cannot describe snapshots that were taken for a virtual machine.
Appliance Settings Screen for Import Appliance. The Appliance Settings screen enables you to select the following settings: Format: Selects the Open Virtualization Format value for the output files.
Integrating with Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. Preparing for Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Integration. Generate the private key. Use the openssl command. Log in to the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Console. Display your current API signing keys. Upload the public key. Click Add Public Key.
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